Peran Islamic Crowdfunding dalam Penguatan UMKM Halal: Studi Integratif Triple Helix Ecosystem

Abstract

Islamic crowdfunding has emerged as an alternative financing instrument that supports halal micro, small, and medium enterprises through digital financial inclusion and Sharia-compliant financing mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the integration of Islamic crowdfunding and the Triple Helix ecosystem in strengthening halal micro, small, and medium enterprises within the digital Islamic economy. The research focuses on the roles of government, academia, and industry in enhancing Sharia governance, financial inclusion, and sustainable halal ecosystem development. This study employs a qualitative approach using a Systematic Literature Review method. Data were collected from peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, academic books, and institutional reports indexed in reputable databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Literature selection followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework, while data analysis was conducted through content analysis and thematic synthesis to identify major themes related to Islamic crowdfunding, Sharia governance, halal ecosystem development, and Triple Helix collaboration. The findings reveal that Islamic crowdfunding significantly contributes to improving access to capital for halal micro, small, and medium enterprises through Sharia-based financing contracts such as murabahah, mudarabah, and musharakah. The study demonstrates that the effectiveness of Islamic crowdfunding is strongly influenced by regulatory quality, Sharia governance, digital infrastructure, investor trust, and financial literacy. Government institutions play a crucial role in establishing adaptive regulations, investor protection, and digital financial infrastructure, while academic institutions contribute through research, financial literacy enhancement, and innovation in Islamic financial models. At the same time, fintech industries and crowdfunding platforms act as facilitators of digital innovation, transparent governance, and inclusive financing services. The integration of the Triple Helix ecosystem strengthens collaboration among stakeholders, enhances transparency and accountability, and supports sustainable halal value chains. The study also identifies several challenges, including regulatory inconsistency, low Islamic financial literacy, technological limitations, governance risks, and information asymmetry within digital financing platforms. The study concludes that the integration of Islamic crowdfunding and the Triple Helix ecosystem has strong potential to strengthen Islamic financial inclusion, enhance the sustainability of halal micro, small, and medium enterprises, and promote ethical digital economic development based on maqashid al-shariah principles. The findings contribute to the advancement of Islamic digital finance literature and provide strategic implications for policymakers, academic institutions, and fintech industries in developing a sustainable halal financial ecosystem.