Digitalisasi Rantai Pasok Halal: Peluang Blockchain dan Traceability dalam Produk Non-Pangan

Abstract

This study investigates the role of digitalization in strengthening the integrity of halal supply chains for non-food products, with a particular focus on blockchain technology and traceability systems. Using a structured literature review, the study analyzes scholarly publications, regulatory documents, conceptual frameworks, and technological models to identify how digital innovation can enhance transparency, accountability, and compliance across the supply chain. The findings demonstrate that blockchain-enabled traceability improves the reliability of halal verification, reduces the risk of fraud, supports real-time documentation, and enhances operational efficiency among producers, certifying bodies, and distributors. The analysis further reveals that non-food sectors—such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fashion—face higher halal complexity due to diverse raw materials, cross-border production, and fragmented regulatory standards. Digital technologies are shown to offer significant benefits, including improved auditability, increased consumer trust, strengthened competitiveness, and expanded economic opportunities, especially for micro, small, and medium enterprises. However, technical barriers, regulatory inconsistencies, and limited digital skills remain key obstacles. The study concludes that digital transformation is essential for building a credible and resilient halal ecosystem and highlights the need for future research on implementation frameworks, cost-effectiveness assessments, and stakeholder adoption dynamics.